I have Tvheadend running under Ubuntu 16.04 running under Virtualbox 5.2 on a Windows 7 host (should be the same for Windows 10).
I followed these instructions to install the stable version for Xenial (16.04):
http://tvheadend.org/projects/tvheadend/wiki/AptRepository
I'm using an older Silicondust HDHomeRun HDHR-US dual tuner. The Ubuntu guest running under Virtualbox needs to be on the same subnet as the tuner. In the Virtualbox Manager, configure that guest's network settings to have a Bridged Adapter so that it won't be using NAT. Not using NAT also allows systems on your network access (if you install a TVH iOS or Android client, or access Tvheadend from a browser elsewhere). You just need to know the IP address of the guest. If you don't have a network tuner or need access to Tvheadend elsewhere, you may be able to get by just using the default NAT setting.
It's been over a year since I set it up so I don't recall all the details, but its been working very well for what I use it for.