Kodi does support profiles other than HTSP - I use Kodi (16.2) on a Fire TV and am running TVHeadend built from GIT and travel a lot (so have varying degrees of network access) - to help me with this issue, I have set up profiles in TVH which allow me to select a quality profile based on the speed on the network I have access to.
Here's an example of my "crappy wifi" profile which works with Kodi;
+*Parameters:*+
Profile name: kodi.remote
Default priority: Normal
Force priority: 0
Timeout (sec) (0=infinite): 5
Restart on error: TRUE
Continue even if descrambling fails: TRUE
Preferred service video type: None
Container: Matroska (mkv)/av-lib
+*Transcoding:*+
Resolution (height): 576
Channels: Stereo
Language: English (eng)
Video codec: libx264: libx264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
Video codec preset: veryfast: h264 / h265 / qsv(h264)
Video bitrate (kb/s) (0=auto): 750
Audio codec: aac: AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
Audio bitrate (kb/s) (0=auto): 64
Subtitle codec: Copy codec type
Hope this helps :)